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Components of Food

The components of food are certain organic substances and minerals found in food. They are called nutrients. Nutrients provide the body with energy and enable it to grow, repair and maintain itself. Hence it is important that we understand the exact role of nutrients in our food and recognize the various foods that provide these nutrients.

There are almost 40 essential nutrients of which carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, roughage and water are the most important.

Foods can be grouped on the basis of the nutrients contained in them and their functions in the body. Based on their functions they can be divided into three groups

Energy giving food

Energy is required by the body to do work and to perform all the physiological functions of the body. Carbohydrates like rice wheat, potato and fats like ghee and oil belong to this group.

Body building food

Our body needs to grow. Due to constant wear and tear in the body, new cells have to be built to repair the damaged parts. Proteins like milk, eggs, meat, cheese and dal help in body building.

Protective foods

Vitamins and minerals belong to this group. Absence of these constituents cause deficiency diseases like rickets, beriberi etc. Vegetables and fruit are rich in vitamins and minerals.

Food group	Major nutrient	Food containing the nutrient
Energy giving	carbohydrate and Fat	Cereals like rice and wheat     Starches like potato. Fat-ghee and oil               Sugar
Body building	Protein	Milk      Meat-Mutton, chiken, fish       Egg white Pulses, like dals,gram,soya bean peas
Protective	Minerals,Vitamins	Vegetables specially green leafy vegetables like spinach, cabbage and Dietry fibre such as brinjal, beans and fruits

1. The carbohydrates in our food are obtained  mainly from the plants sources like wheat, rice, maize, potatoes, sago, peas, beans and fruits. Milk also contains a sugar called lactose. The sugar is also obtained from food. The world’s three main cereal crops which provide us carbohydrates are: wheat. rice and maize.

2. Fats are supplied to our body by many foods like butter, milk, egg etc. All the cooking oils provide us fats The fats which we eat in our food or dietary fats. Butter, coconut oil, animal fats and plant fats are some sources of fats.

3. We can get proteins from plant sources as well as animal sources. Some of plant proteins are ground-nuts, beans, whole Cereals like wheat and  maize, and  pulses. Some of the best sources of animal proteins are; Lean Meat (meat without fats), Fish, Eggs, Milk and Cheese. These are all body building foods. The most valuable proteins are found  in milk, eggs. They contain all the amino acids required by our body.

4. The metals, non metals and their salts are called minerals because they are mined form the soil, ground and the earth. Though our body  requires a large number of minerals.

IRON : Iron is needed to prepare a protein called Hemoglobin present in blood. This hemoglobin helps us in transporting oxygen form the lungs to the body cells through the blood.

 IODINE: Iodine is needed small quantities for the preparation of thyroid hormone called thyroxin. Some of the major sources of iodine are: fish sea-food, and iodized salt.

 CALCIUM:- Calcium salts are required for making bones and teeth, to help blood clotting, and for the proper working of the muscles. The major sources of calcium are: Milk, Milk products, Like Cheese, Beans, Green leafy, vegetables, fish, etc.

PHOSPHOROUS:- phosphorus are also require for the formation of bones and teeth. Phosphorus is also require for the conversation of carbohydrates in energy. The major sources of phosphorus are: Milk, Vegetable, nuts.

5. Some of vitamins are soluble in water whereas others are soluble only in fats or oils, so, on the basis of their solubility, all the vitamins can be divided into two classes or two groups; water soluble vitamins and fat soluble vitamins.

1. Water soluble vitamins are;- vitamin B-complex and Vitamins C

2. Fat soluble vitamins are;- Vitamin-A, Vitamin-D, Vitamin-K Vitamin-E Called pernicious anemia. The various source of this vitamin are : meat, liver milk & eggs etc.

 The chemical name of vitamin c is ascorbic acids. It is a water soluble vitamin. Vitamin C is necessary for keeping teeth, gums & joints healthy. It is also increase the resistance of our body to infection & help fight diseases. The various source of vitamin C are orange & tomatoes.

The chemical name of vitamin D is calciferol. Vitamin D is a fat soluble vitamin . Vitamin D is necessary for the normal growth of bones & teeth because it increase the absorption of calcium & phosphorus into the body. The various sources of vitamin D are : milk, fish , egg & butter. Vitamin D are also produced in our body when the skin is exposed to sunlight.

The chemical name of Vitamin E is tocopherol. It is fat soluble vitamin. Vitamin E is necessary for moral reproduction, normal functioning of muscles and protection of liver. The various sources of vitamin E are: green leafy vegetables, milk, butter, tomatoes and wheat germ oil.

Vitamin K is a fat soluble vitamin which is known as phylloquinine. Vitamin K is necessary for the normal clotting of blood and preventing hemorrhage. The various sources of vitamin K are: green leafy vegetables like spinach, cabbage, tomatoes and soybean.

6. The amount of water needed by body depends on one’s age type of work, and the climate. Our body gets a lot of water from many of the food items which we eat. For example, fruits, vegetables, meat and fish give a lot of water to our body. Most of the water needed by our body, However, comes from the plain “drinking water “, tea, coffee, milk etc. Some of the water in our body comes as a by product of the oxidation of glucose during the digestion of the food. In fact, 1 molecule of glucose on oxidation in the body produces 6 molecules of water. Though roughage is not a food, it is an important part of balanced diet. Roughage neither gives us energy like carbohydrates and neither fats nor builds our body like protein do, but it is important for the normal working of the digestive system. The sources of roughage in our food are : salad ; vegetables & fruit with skin high fiber contents. Cabbage is one vegetable which provide us a lot of roughage. Corn cob & half – crushed, wheat also provide roughage to our body, along with other nutrients. All these food items have cellulose content which act as roughage. These fibrous material are good for digestion and helps in bowel movement.

If all the components are present in proper proportions and quantity for maintaining the body in perfect state of health, activity and development then the food is called a balanced diet.

PASSIVE VOICE

Choose the correct tense (Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple, Present Perfect) and choose the voice (Active or Passive).

1. They often read this book. _______________________________

2. Lauren didn't eat any apples. ___________________________

3. Have you been paid by the customers. ___________________________

4. He translated this play into German last year. ___________________________

5. The mistakes were corrected by the teacher. ___________________________

6. The doctor has examined him. ___________________________

7. I invited many quests. ___________________________

8. Candies are always eaten by kids. ___________________________

9. I was invited to the party. ___________________________

10. The city will be destroyed by the next earthquake. _______________________

Rewrite the sentences. Use the passive.

1. Will the boss give me a job? ___________________________

2. The teacher corrected the mistakes. ___________________________

3. Have the police caught the man? ___________________________

4. The kids story forgot the whole story in a few days. _________________

5. My mother doesn't paint the walls. ___________________________

6. Thomas has written many books. ___________________________

7. We will take the horses to the stable. ___________________________

8. The president made an important speech last night? _______________________

9. Helen doesn't drink anything in parties. ___________________________

10. The gardener waters the flowers every evening. ______________________

Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the passive.

1. This play ______________ into Ukrainian last year. (translate)

2. Chocolate ______________ by everybody. (love)

3. He ______________ by the police last evening. (not question)

4. Those cookies ______________ by the birds soon. (eat)

5. The lion ______________ by the zookeepers in the forest. (capture)

6. The bell ______________ by the children a few minutes ago. (ring)

7. A party ______________by the coach on the next weekend. (throw)

8. The boy ______________ by the doctor yet. (examine)

9. He ______________ by my friends tomorrow. (visit)

10. My aunt ______________tomorrow. (meet)